There is also the shroud of turin, which verifies Jesus in a new way than other evidences.
QuoteMany plastic items are used for only a few minutes or hours, but the material can remain in the environment for decades or even centuries. Researchers are now exploring a different approach: plastics designed to break themselves down when activated.
Known as living plastics, these materials contain dormant microbes capable of degrading the surrounding polymer. In a study published in ACS Applied Polymer Materials, scientists developed a version that fully decomposed in six days without producing microplastics.
Zhuojun Dai, a corresponding author on the paper, explains that "the realization that traditional plastics persist for centuries, while many applications, like packaging, are short-lived, led us to ask: Could we build degradation directly into the material's life cycle?"
Some microorganisms naturally produce enzymes that cut long polymer chains into smaller fragments. Since plastics are made from polymers, researchers have been investigating whether these enzymes, or the microbes that produce them, can be embedded directly into plastic materials.
"By embedding these microbes, plastics could effectively 'come alive' and self-destruct on command, turning durability from a problem into a programmable feature," explains Dai.
Earlier living plastic designs often depended on a single enzyme, which limited how efficiently the material could be broken down. To improve the process, Dai, Jin Geng, Dianpeng Qi and colleagues engineered Bacillus subtilis to produce two polymer-degrading enzymes that work together.
The first enzyme cuts the long polymer chains at random points, reducing them into shorter sections. The second then works from the ends of those fragments, breaking them down further into their individual monomer building blocks.
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