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QuoteRobots small enough to operate in the microbial world could give scientists a new way to directly handle objects that are impossible to manipulate by hand. These tiny machines are around 50 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair, bringing researchers closer to the long-pursued goal of interacting directly with the microscopic world.
That capability could be especially useful for biological materials in water, including individual cells and bacteria. Precisely controlling and moving objects at this scale has been a persistent challenge. The newly developed nanorobots show that it is already possible to collect bacteria, transport them, and release them at selected locations.
One of the biggest obstacles in developing machines this small is finding an effective way to propel and control them. At Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), a research team led by Professor Bert Hecht has been developing a solution that uses the recoil produced by individual photons to move microscopic devices known as microdrones.
The devices contain as many as four plasmonic nanoantennas. These antennas absorb light with a particular color and helicity, then emit that light in a specific direction. Redirecting each photon creates a tiny recoil force, similar in principle to the recoil produced when a bullet is fired. Because the microdrones have so little mass, those extremely small forces can generate substantial acceleration and speed.
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QuoteAbstract:
Photon-recoil–based actuation enables maneuvering of micro- and nanoscale objects without beam steering or tight focusing, mitigating system complexity and photodamage. Recent light-driven microdrones achieved full control in two dimensions using multiple laser fields; however, for many applications, sacrificing degrees of freedom allows substantial miniaturization and improved propulsion efficiency.
Here, we demonstrate sub-micrometer nanorobots actuated by a plasmonic directional antenna that simultaneously provides propulsion force and orientation control. The nanorobots reach propulsion speeds up to 50 μm/s [50 thousandths of a millimeter per second], with their motion direction intrinsically locked perpendicular to the linear polarization axis.
Circularly polarized light pulses lift the resulting twofold orientational degeneracy through spin–momentum transfer. Using opto-thermophoretic forces, nanorobots efficiently capture, transport, reversibly assemble, and release bacteria. By sequencing linear and circular polarization states, they execute complex, high-precision trajectories to systematically sweep defined regions, functioning as light-driven robotic cleaners. This work expands the capabilities of nanorobots for biological manipulation and high-speed, localized sensing.
QuoteFrom genome editing to quantum computing, scientific progress is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, yet public faith in science is collapsing. Our species has mapped the human genome, created powerful computers that sit in the palms of our hands and extended human life spans beyond what our ancestors could have imagined—meanwhile, anti-intellectual movements are gaining momentum.
In his new book Anti-Science: Shortcuts to a Big Idea, Dariusz Jemielniak argues that this is not because of public ignorance or a failure to communicate science to the masses. Instead, we're witnessing and living through something far more complex: a fundamental shift in how society relates to knowledge itself.
"We have entered a period in which the relationship between information and truth has become fundamentally contested," Jemielniak of Kozminski University explains. "The technologies that promised democratized access to knowledge have also democratized access to falsehood."
Survey data from the mid-20th century showed high levels of confidence in scientists and scientific institutions. Science was associated with progress, prosperity and problem-solving, and the profession itself was well-respected.
Today, that well of public trust has been dramatically drained. There are many complex factors behind this decline, Jemielniak explains, including corporate-influence scandals, well-publicized cases of fraud, high-profile retractions and the sheer volume of scientific information now produced.
These factors alone are not enough to erode public trust, he explains. But when combined with a perfect storm of digital infrastructure that encourages the rapid sharing of shock-factor information, they are. Social media algorithms amplify sensational claims regardless of truth value, while echo chambers make it easy to find communities that validate virtually any belief.
"What is historically distinctive is the contemporary infrastructure that accelerates these cycles by rewarding outrage, simplifying complex disputes into identity signals, and turning epistemic conflict into content," Jemielniak explains.
Some scholars argue that humanity is even entering "a new Dark Ages driven by anti-intellectualism." Jemielniak says, "The proliferation of digital platforms has allowed misinformation to spread rapidly, challenging the public's ability to discern credible information and contributing to this erosion of trust."
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